Definition dangerous goods

Dangerous goods are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. They are often subject to chemical regulations. In the United States and sometimes in Canada dangerous goods are more commonly known as hazardous materials, (abbreviated as HAZMAT or HazMat). "HazMat teams" are personnel specially trained to handle dangerous goods. Dangerous goods include materials that are radioactive, flammable, explosive, corrosive, oxidizing, asphyxiating, biohazardous, toxic, pathogenic, or allergenic. Also included are physical conditions such as compressed gases and liquids or hot materials, including all goods containing such materials or chemicals, or may have other characteristics that render them hazardous in specific circumstances.

Global regulations

The most widely applied regulatory scheme is that for the transportation of dangerous goods. The United Nations Economic and Social Council issues the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, which form the basis for most regional, national, and international regulatory schemes. For instance, the International Civil Aviation Organization has developed dangerous goods regulations for air transport of hazardous materials that are based upon the UN Model but modified to accommodate unique aspects of air transport. Individual airline and governmental requirements are incorporated with this by the International Air Transport Association to produce the widely used IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR).^[1] Similarly, the International Maritime Organization has developed the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code ("IMDG Code", part of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea) for transportation of dangerous goods by sea. The Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail has developed the Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail ("RID", part of the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail). Many individual nations have also structured their dangerous goods transportation regulations to harmonize with the UN Model in organization as well as in specific requirements.

The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed upon system set to replace the various classification and labeling standards used in different countries. GHS will use consistent criteria for classification and labeling on a global level.

 
Dangerous goods sendiri terbagi dalam 9 ( sembilan kelas )

1. Kelas I. Explosive semua bahan peledak dan ini sangat dilarang dalam penerbangan
2. Kelas II.Flammable Gas berupa gas bertekanan,mudah terbakar
3. Kelas III.Flammable Liquid berupa cairan yang mudah terbakar
4. Kelas IV.Flammable Solid berupa zat padat yang mudah terbakar
5. Kelas V. Oxidizing Substances & Organic Peroxides berupa zat yang mudah menghasilkan O₂ yg dapat mengakibatkan kebakaran
6. Kelas VI.Toxic zat padat / cair yang bila di hirup atau di telan akan menyebabkan kematian
7. Kelas VII.Radioaktif bahan/barang/benda yang memancarkan radiasi
8. Kelas VIII.Corrosive bahan yang dapat merusak jaringan kulit/ mempunyai tingkat korosif yang tinggi
9. Kelas IX.Miscelaneous DG bahan padat atau cair yang mempunyai sifat iritasi / yang dapat menyebabkan ketidak nyamanan

 Definition corrosive

 A corrosive material is a liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specified period of time. A liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum based on the criteria in 49CFR 173.137(c)(2) is also a corrosive material.

Divisions

454 kg (1001 lbs) or more gross weight of a corrosive material. Although the corrosive class includes both acids and bases, the hazardous materials load and segregation chart does not make any reference to the separation of various incompatible corrosive materials from each other. In spite of this, however, when shipping corrosives, care should be taken to ensure that incompatible corrosive materials can not become mixed, as many corrosives react very violently if mixed. If responding to a transportation incident involving corrosive materials (especially a mixture of corrosives), caution should be exercised.

Compatibility Table

Load and Segregation Chart
	Weight	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.3		3	4.1	4.2	4.3	5.1	5.2	6.1	7	8
											A	B							A
8	1001 lb	X	X	X	O	X					X	O		O	X	O	O	O	X
Key
The absence of any hazard class or division or a blank space in the table indicates that no restrictions apply. *: This indicates that segregation among different Class 1 materials is governed by the compatibility table in 49CFR 177.848(f) X: These materials may not be loaded, transported, or stored together in the same transport vehicle or storage facility during the course of transportation. O: Indicates that these materials may not be loaded, transported or stored together in the same transport vehicle or storage facility during the course of transportation, unless separated in a manner that, in the event of leakage from packages under conditions normally incident to transportation, commingling of hazardous materials would not occur. A: This note means that, notwithstanding the requirements of the letter 'X', ammonium nitrate fertilizer may be loaded or stored with Division 1.1 or Division 1.5 materials.

contoh barang corrosive yang sudah di packing

contoh tangan yang terkena battery acid

Ini adalah contoh tangan yang terkena sodiumm

 

ini adalah contoh bola billiard yang mengapung ketika di letakkan di segelas yang berisikan mercury

 

ini adalah wajah seseorang sebelum dan sesudah terkena sulphuric acid

ini adalah bagian tangan seseorang yang terkena sodium hydroxide

ini adalah bagian tangan seseorang yang terkena potassium hydroxide

Packing Groups

Class 8 Packing Groups
The packing group of Class 8 material is indicated in Column 5 of the 49CFR 172.101 Table. When the 49CFR 172.101 Table provides more than one packing group for a Class 8 material, the packing group must be determined using data obtained from tests conducted in accordance with the 1992 OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, Number 404 "Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion" as follows:
Group	Explanation
I	Materials that cause full thickness destruction of intact skin tissue within an observation period of up to 60 minutes starting after the exposure time of three minutes or less.
II	Materials other than those meeting Packing Group I criteria that cause full thickness destruction of intact skin tissue within an observation period of up to 14 days starting after the exposure time of more than three minutes but not more than 60 minutes.
III	Materials, other than those meeting Packing Group I or II criteria: That cause full thickness destruction of intact skin tissue within an observation period of up to 14 days starting after the exposure time of more than 60 minutes but not more than 4 hours; or That do not cause full thickness destruction of intact skin tissue but exhibit a corrosion rate on steel or aluminum surfaces exceeding 6.25 mm (0.25 inch) a year at a test temperature of 55°C (130°F). For the purpose of testing steel P3 (ISO 9328-1) or a similar type, and for testing aluminum, non-clad types 7075-T6 or AZ5GU-T6 should be used. An acceptable test is described in ASTM G 31-72.

Sebelum proses pengiriman barang terjadi, barang barang tersebut harus lah di uji terlebih dahulu untuk memastikan aman atau tidak nya dalam mengangkut barang tersebut. Uji tersebut adalah :

1.  Uji Jatuh (drop test)

         Uji ini  dilakukan untuk setiap jenis dan setiap  pembuatan dan dilakukan untuk kemasan-kemasan : drum plastik, jerigen plastik, kotak plastik selain dari Expandable Polystyrene, kemasan komposit dan kemasan kombinasi dengan kemasan dalam berupa plastik selain kantong plastik dengan tinggi jatuhan 1,8 m untuk kemasan grup I;  1,2 m untuk kemasan grup II dan 0,8 m untuk kemasan grup III. Khusus untuk produk cair dengan density lebih besar dari 1,2 maka tinggi jatuhan adalah 1,5 m kali relative density untuk grup I; 1,0 m kali relative density untuk grupII dan 0,67 kali relative density untuk grup

    2. Uji Kebocoran (leakproofness test)

        Uji ini harus dilakukan unytuk semua jenis kemasan yang berisi cairan namun tidak diperlukan untuk kemasan dalam dari kemasan kombinasi

 3. Uji Tekanan Dalam (hydraulic test)

     Uji tekanan dalam atau  hydraulic test  harus dilakukan untuk semua jenis kemasan yang terbuat dari metal, plastik dan kemasan komposit yang berisi cairan, namun tidak diperlukan unuk kemasan dalam dari kemasan kombinasi

 4. Uji Tumpukan (Stacking Test)

     Uji ini harus dilakukan untuk semua jenis kemasan kecuali kantong.

Tim penyusun :

Andri Putra               : 2241.10.001
Bagja Adi Komara    : 2241.10.062
Kresna Angger D      : 2241.10.134
Gamal Achamad        : 2241.10.168
Victor de Rousa         : 2243.11.017